Borders should be cut along the lengthwise grain of the fabric . Thanks for the encouragement to break the rules and defy the quilt police. Cut two border strips that match the measurement exactly, using the width you've already determined looks best with the quilt. The QuiltSandwich team thought long and hard about whether or not we should use the finished size of the quilt top or the actual top measurement to calculate the border yardage. Cutting along the lengthwise grain will, however, take more fabric. Here is where the difference is really apparent. By this, I mean that you take hold of the border and the top about 6-9" from the needle, and guide them into the machine. QuiltSandwich lets you set Binding and Borders to either Crosswise or Lengthwise grain — … As with a French quilt binding, single-fold binding can be cut on the crosswise or lengthwise grain (no stretch) for straight quilts. Crosswise or lengthwise. Sometimes you just have to cut lengthwise instead of crosswise on fabric. Reply. Cut crosswise strips the desired width, cutting enough strips to equal the total length needed. Crosswise cuts are typically called for when you want to make rounds of even thickness, like onion rings or tomato slices for a bagel. Cut the … Some of that care might be reduced if you "cut" the fabric by running it through the serger after drawing straight lines onto the fabric to follow as you serge. This keeps the long dimension on the LW grain. Do not use the selvage of a woven fabric in a quilt. When your hand reaches near the needle, stop, and then take hold and guide the same amount through the machine. Add it to the group! The lengthwise grain runs parallel to the selvage and is stronger and stretches less than the crosswise grain which runs from selvage-to-selvage. Borders cut on the lengthwise grain do not have ‘give’. Get-Started I often do my borders with WOF cuts! Cut the border strips on the lengthwise grain of the fabric whenever possible. Now, match the 2 center points. Download the 'How to Add Borders' PDF. This direction is very firm and has no give, or stretch. But how you pin your borders also can make a big difference in the quilt’s appearance. I’ve seen many quilters just measure the side of the quilt the border will be sewn to and cut the border to that length. Sometimes I have to move my pins to I can see them — because I usually forget to check to see which is longer before I pin — but its only 3 pins — so not too bad! Either crosswise or lengthwise grain will work for the outer edges. Each way has its own strengths and weaknesses. Marti cuts crosswise strips for binding because she stretches the binding as it is applied to draw up any excess in the edges of the quilt. All pieces for the back must be measured, cut to size and pinned every 3-4” when sewing. Borders made with crosswise grain strips are somewhat more stretchy than … QuiltSandwich creates cutting diagrams for Horizontal, Vertical, Mitered Borders and Straight Binding. Borders are cut lengthwise, less seams. In projects larger than 42" in length or width, we usually specify that the border strips be cut the width (crosswise grain) of the fabric and pieced to use the least amount of fabric. Position and pin the strips perpendicular to one … 9. Fabric-Stash Whenever possible, I like to cut borders along the lengthwise grain because that grain is more stable. True bias refers to a cut at a 45 degree angle from any crosswise or lengthwise thread. The pictures were a great addition too! Border for small quilt - crosswise or lengthwise. Can you help? , so no seam allowance will be added. Die Cut 2. PIN top and bottom borders to the quilt at each end and in the center. But really, any cut on an angle is along a bias. There might be Fifty Ways to Leave Your Lover, but you can cut strips for binding quilts in only one of three ways: straight grain, cross grain or on the bias. Borders cut along the lengthwise grain will lay flatter than borders cut along the crosswise grain. Can you help? The basic unit of a quilt top. I’ve always spent considerable time and energy planning and making borders for my quilts to enhance their overall appearance and impact. Often, instructions simply state to cut "on the straight of grain." Half Rectangles HRT Since they do not stretch easily, long strips of fabric cut on the lengthwise grain make good quilt borders and sashing. 1 ⁄ 2 ×42" binding strips. (She often buys 3/4 yd lengths.) Measure your quilt top from top to bottom, and left to right as described in hint #1. Enlarge Reduce Image bottom borders. Seemingly minor differences in cutting technique can yield big differences in the handling and layout of your pieces. If you cut it crosswise the fabric will have some stretch. It can also be cut on the bias grain to provide the needed stretch to tidily finish curved quilt edges. Cutting Strips for Fabric Binding. I was very unsure, but after reading this simple explanation I know what I can do. Location: Becky. A mitered corner is stitched at a 45-degree angle to the sides of the quilt.Figure 1: A plain border can have squared o… Then, when she is piecing the sub-cuts together, she uses the stretch of the crosswise grain to match points. Strips are usually cut on the lengthwise grain and pieced for length. Bias strips are cut on the diagonal across the fabric. Heather explains how … Use the same tape measure, measure the border fabric, and cut along the lengthwise grain of fabric. Cut two border strips that match the measurement exactly, using the width you've already determined looks best with the quilt. The border strips cut selvage to selvage have more variety in color and … Should quilt borders be cut crosswise or lengthwise? The key to adding borders that help keep your quilt square is measuring correctly. The quilt with the borders cut across the WOF is more balanced and interesting to look at. You own the fabric so cut it the best way that it works for your quilt. You can use the crosswise grain of the fabric if you don't want a pieced border, note these will be stretchy. The lengthwise grain is more stable so the border will have less stretch than borders cut on crosswise grain. PRESS seam allowance open to reduce bulk. This group is for pictures of simple, fresh, modern quilts. Just cut the strips the width you need, sew the number … There are a couple of good reasons for this. Although there is quite a bit of the blue I want in the print, some border strips cut parallel to the selvage will have almost no blue. This center measurement represents the true size of your quilt. Created with Sketch. Super Member . If one direction stretches more than the other, that is the crosswise grain. My thought was if you cut the material at the fold it would be 22 inches, as most is 44/45 wide. each. For borders to have the lengthwise fabric grain running from top to bottom on all sides: Cut the long left and right borders of your quilt on the lengthwise grain. 5. ​QUILTPAPER — Graph Paper for Quilt Design. It took me awhile to figure out how to successfully sew on a border. as Karen did, you will need to cut the side outer border strips lengthwise and the top and bottom outer border strips crosswise. Also, the same motifs repeat often in a lengthwise border strip. Created with Sketch. Senior Member . I have read that if you don't want the seam in the border strips to be seen, then a mitered seam is the way to go. Fabric is less stable in the crosswise direction, perpendicular to the selvage. Join crosswise grain to crosswise grain. If you pull at the fabric along the lengthwise grain, you will notice that it does not move much. Use a fabric's crosswise straight grain rather than its lengthwise grain for more give and elasticity. After many trials with cutting borders and piecing border and finally quilting borders – I decided that I would break the ultimate rule – I would stop designing borders on my quilts LOL!! Even more important, if the quilt will hang on a wall, I always use lengthwise grain strips for the left and right side borders and crossgrain strips for the top and bottom borders. Second, the borders would not need to be pieced with adequate yardage. I've actually done diagonal cuts of fabric for the borders….and yes, it's tricky…but the look was worth it! If you have multiple borders and it is too expensive to buy enough fabric to cut them all on the lengthwise grain, try to at least cut the outer border of the quilt on the lengthwise grain to stabilize the outer edge. Single-fold bias tape. I typically find the wavey borders when people are trying to adjust out the piecing errors in the center of the quilt. Crosswise and lengthwise stretch is also taken in consideration when deciding on the pattern's cutting direction. If you have enough fabric to cut the borders lengthwise (along the selvage), cut 2 border strips to the proper width and a few inches longer than the sides of the quilt center. And then I pin each of the ends, where the end of the border strip meets the end of the quilt top. Join Date: Oct … Curved-edged quilts must be bound with bias binding. Borders can be kind of fussy particularly when borders are added on top of borders — whether plain or pieced — so I though I would share with you the things I have learned about borders. If your border needs to be eased to the quilt use the crosswise grain. Repeat measuring, cutting, and pinning for the crosswise sides. This tight selvage edge is unusable in a quilt and must be cut off when starting to create your quilt blocks. Right now, after I add a couple of borders to my quilt WIP it should finish out around 54" x 58." Let's start at the beginning for this one:  How do you know which is lengthwise and crosswise grain? Note: that is why some quilters feel borders should always be cut from lengthwise strips of fabric- they will stretch less. February was the flying geese border and the green border. The borders usually need to be pieced but less fabric is required. For the next figure, I have superimposed cutting lines on the fabric to show the difference in the appearance of the borders after the fabric is cut. To ease the border on, find the center of the quilt top by folding it in half and marking the center with a pin. The cut edge is the crosswise grain and the selvage edge is the lengthwise grain. On page 2 of the Cutting Diagram look for the words "horizontal cut" and "vertical cut". If cutting the sewing pattern on the crosswise grain allows for more stretch in the finished garment, then a crosswise cut may end up being the more appropriate choice. Don’t be afraid to break the rules if, in the end, you like the quilt better.”, Why not cut the fabric diagonally? The serger would provide a stablized edge (and the serger thread would also give some additional padding under the binding).Myra — Fort Wayne, IN, Thank you for the confimation. Note how flat it is, no wavy borders on this one. When using a large print for a border, I often cut both lengthwise and crosswise pieces for the border to have the print go the “right” way on all sides. Gee, if I wanted a lot of the blue I would likely have just spaced my cuts so each one had the blue, but the wof if fine too. It's a very fine lightweight cotton. It has the least amount of stretch or flexibility compare to the other two types. Crosswise grain is when you cut the fabric from the fold to the selvedge, or from selvedge to selvedge. If one direction stretches more than the other, that is the crosswise grain. assorted print, dot, and stripe, cut: n. 4—5×18" strips From black print, cut: n. 8—2 . Border. 4. 10/22/2012 03:48pm EDT | Updated December 6, 2017 Created with Sketch. Half Square Triangles HST Created with Sketch. It sounds goofy, but it’s true. I use three pins to help me sew on my border strips. Join Date: May 2013. And if the fabric is one of those large-scale prints so popular today, the borders may look better cut across the fabric width. 11-03-2020, 08:12 AM #7 joe'smom. I plan to buy 44" wide Kona Cotton fabric for the back. Created with Sketch. Both crosswise and lengthwise are considered 'straight of grain'. You may want to go into Super Calc depending upon what you want to adjust. The first step in cutting long quilt borders is folding your fabric down to a manageable size that will fit on your cutting mat. If you are using QuiltSandwich to help with your borders, you can choose whether or not you want the border strips cut from the lengthwise grain or crosswise grain. Binding Quilt Binding in Lengthwise Grain Lengthwise binding is cut on the lengthwise grain (parallel to the selvage) of your fabric. Because all fabric stretches and has a memory, there are a few terms to know: If you cut along the lengthwise grain, you will not have any seams and very little stretch. Inner borders can be cut cross-grain. The strips for binding can be cut from the straight of grain, lengthwise or crosswise, or on the bias. Chances are, the center measurement won't be the same as the side measurement. Quilt pieces are the building blocks of your finished quilt and must be cut exactly as described in the quilt instructions. Fabric squares and rectangles are nearly always cut with their edges along the straight grains to minimize stretch during sewing and handling. I decided to cut the crosswise borders to 16 1/2, as I had two measurements of that size and the third was just a smidgen larger. Here is a picture: For the same border cut using crosswise grain (which is how most patterns are written) you will only need 1 1/8 yards. This is one reason why pins are helpful! 1 ⁄ 2 ×42" strips for inner border. It has the least amount of stretch or flexibility compare to the other two types. We will explain more about bias when we talk about fabric grain. Piece border strips end-to-end to achieve length. Bias. Also, strength really isn't the issue with cutting crossgrain vs lengthwise grain. Cutting Crosswise vs. Lengthwise: BuzzFeed Food Breaks It Down (PHOTO) Stop worrying whether you're cutting your veggies correctly. Created with Sketch. I’m hoping to provide a inspiration resource for those of us who are impatiently waiting for a new book from Denyse Schmidt or for a new artist with her sensibility to emerge. Rebecca Firkser. There is not just one way. Find the center of the quilt top by folding it in half and mark the center with a pin. She rolled them really tight to get a good stitch and if the borders were cut on the cross grain they were wavy after quilting no matter how carefully they were measured, cut or attached. Partial blocks from the body of the quilt can be used effectively in borders. These borders are difficult to quilt and often result in a wavy quilt edge with puckers and pleats in the borders. Crosswise is simply slicing in the opposite direction—like the lines of latitude on a globe, or going around the circumference of a sphere. Yardage Calculation. Quilting clue—If necessary, piece border strips end-to-end to achieve the correct length. This center measurement represents the true size of your quilt. A: Although you might think you’re saving fabric by cutting across the grain (from selvage to selvage), it’s best to cut lengthwise. Most quilters will, however, line up the lengthwise grain and cut their strips crosswise. Please, DO NOT do that! Will do corner blocks too.... Any advice appreciated! Crosswise or lengthwise. Measure the quilt from top to bottom through its vertical midpoint. Handmade Bags If your border needs to be eased to the quilt use the crosswise grain 6. This tight selvage edge is unusable in a quilt and must be cut off when starting to create your quilt blocks. For a square quilt straight grain binding, meaning fabric strips cut cross grain or length-wise grain, will work well. These steps should help you create a flat, smooth and stable quilt top. Triangles This is a fine point- but one worth noting. Essentially, it means to slice vertically along the lengthy side on something, which is particularly simple to figure out when it comes to ingredients that have long sides, like carrots or strips of bacon. Because all fabric stretches and has a memory, there are a few terms to know: If you cut along the lengthwise grain, you will not have any seams and very little stretch. Motif-fabric 08-14-2013, 01:51 PM #2 Treasureit. Created with Sketch. I am also aware that I need to have extra quilt back & batting around my quilt top for wiggle room and such. If, however, you’re binding a quilt with curved edges, you’ll want to cut bias strips for your binding. Unlike bindings, borders do not generally need the added stretch inherent in bias cuts. Lengthwise grain The fabric threads run parallel to the selvage edges. In my teaching, I have found that a majority of quilters align the lengthwise grain (by aligning selvages) and cut crosswise strips. Block. ........If you aren't working from a drawing, or maybe you are modifying a pattern you bought. The selvage edges of fabric are made up of the lengthwise and crosswise threads that have been tightly woven, and measure about 1/2" wide and appear in a lighter thread color than the main fabric color or print. A friend with an older quilt machine used to quilt my quilts. Bias binding is good for quilts whose edges have curves, such a quilt with scalloped edges. Location: Ballwin, MO. no matter which way you want to calculate. If you have multiple borders and it is too expensive to buy enough fabric to cut them all on the lengthwise grain, try to at least cut the outer border of the quilt on the lengthwise … Fabric is most stable in the lengthwise direction, parallel to the selvage. Crosswise grain is when you cut the fabric from the fold to the selvedge, or from selvedge to selvedge. The lengthwise grain is the main thread fibers that run the full length of the product. If you were working from graph paper, the number of squares would give you the finished border top width and length (no seam allowance). If you’re cutting rectangles, cut the largest measurement first WOF. This is especially useful when using a one-way print. But we all know there are no quilt police and there are good reasons to occasionally break the quilting ‘rules.’ I often cut my borders across the width of the fabric (WOF) from selvage to selvage. Double check that the measurements you just took and the numbers for "horizontal cut" and "Vertical cut" found on page 2 of the cutting diagram, match. I have tried both, and honestly, I think it depends on the fabric. 12-28-2007, 01:39 PM #6 Rebecca Chambley. There are many ways to quilt and many reasons for quilting. The selvage edges of fabric are made up of the lengthwise and crosswise threads that have been tightly woven, and measure about 1/2" wide and appear in a lighter thread color than the main fabric color or print. Cut and sewn. If the border strip is longer than the quilt top, then put the border strip on the bottom so the feed dogs can help ease the border on. Here's the downside: You will need A LOT more fabric to use lengthwise grain. The lengthwise grain is more stable so the border will have less stretch than borders cut on crosswise grain. For example, here is a large-scale print I want to use as the outside border for my quilt. If the top is longer, then put the top next to the feed dogs. The stretch in the bias makes it easier to … Then, turn them 90-degrees and cut them again. Bias cuts are the most stretchy cuts you can make. If the borders are not square, there will be some excess stretching on the strips’ edges. A Note About Fabric Grain and Quilt Borders. First, the quilt with the measured borders is straight and flat. lengthwise sashing may give the quilt more stability. Photos via Thread Riding Hood. If you have enough fabric to cut the borders lengthwise (along the selvage), cut 2 border strips to the proper width and a few inches longer than the sides of the quilt center. It means that there will be some bias; hence it will be hard to unwind the fabric. Unless I'm cutting vines for applique, then I cut on the bias. (Crosswise grain also has more stretch than the lengthwise grain, but less than the bias.) When sewing on multiple borders, continue to measure through the center area of the quilt; average the measurements. Although you can have dozens of border options to think about when planning your quilt, you most likely will use one of two basic types.The easiest and most common border style is the plain border, shown in Figure 1. When you cut crosswise, the fabric edge will have a little more stretch. January's block was the center piece with all of the quarter square triangles followed by the red border. You can stitch the plain border with squared corners or with mitered corners, depending on your expertise. Also, the same motifs repeat often in a lengthwise border strip. Cut border strips. These numbers found on page 2 of the cutting diagram should be equal to the measurements you just took. The difference is that when the actual top is measured, that number includes the seam allowance. But let's say you want to grill an onion and you want all the layers to stay intact as a little onion wedge. Suppose the same style blocks are just a bit different, crosswise may give you just the fudge factor you need. And really, after its quilted, I'm not so sure anyone would notice. Quilt Binding in Lengthwise Grain Lengthwise binding is cut on the lengthwise grain (parallel to the selvage) of your fabric. It has less stretch and more stability than the crosswise grain. Care should be taken that the outer edges of a block are not bias edges. For example, here is a large-scale print I want to use as the outside border for my quilt. Marti Michell chooses to cut lengthwise grain strips for strip piecing. Write down this measurement, and cut both side borders to this length, preferable on the lengthwise grain (which doesn’t stretch.) Thx. From . Reply. Doing small 40" x 50" lap quilt - can i get away with border on that cut on crosswise as my matching fabric is only "20" long by wof. Posts: 706 I cut selvage to selvage. Lynette's block of the month is a medallion quilt, so it is all about the borders. Repeat this process as often as needed for the number of borders you have. Bias: The 45˚ angle between lengthwise and crosswise grain. I pin at the center, where the center of the quilt top and the center of the border strip are matched. I hope my experiences will help you too! Join Date: Mar 2007. You want to cut crosswise. Cutting along the lengthwise grain will, however, take more fabric. Gives my quilts a whole new look! Preparing Quilt Design While this may seem simple, there are several steps that need to be taken to ensure that the fabric is on the straight of grain and as flat as possible. American Quilter magazine pattern editor Marje Rhine shares her views on cutting fabric borders: “Quilters are usually taught to cut quilt borders parallel to the selvage. Of course, this cutting decision would require EXTREME CARE in handling the cut fabric to prevent ugly stretching. Avoid large sections of backing cut on the bias. If, in the end, the weaving is perfect, then the crosswise grain must be in line. Generally if a quilt border is longer than the width of the fabric, a pattern will give you instructions to cut multiple crosswise grain strips (from selvedge to selvedge) and sew them together to create the length required. input the width and length of the quilt top from your drawing, without the borders, into the yardage calculator. IM 1 Quilts and More all 2015 CMR Quake Diagram 1 Li ordon 4-21-15 100517089. Straight grain, or straight-of-grain is a term used for either the lengthwise grain or the crosswise grain, as it refers to the direction of the threads in the fabric (straight).Usually with binding fabric, straight grain is referring to the crosswise grain. Looking at a small quilt done properly, you can see the borders are straight and even, without any excess fabric to distort the final quilt top. Cut two border strips this measurement using the width you want on the quilt. Borders made with crosswise grain strips are somewhat more stretchy than lengthwise grain border strips, but either type is suitable. How the threads are woven on the loom determines the crosswise grain and lengthwise grain. Border and Bindings: Sometimes you want to choose the grain. They can stabilize and help you square-up the outer edges of blocks or quilt tops. Many quilters elect to use the lengthwise grain for borders because it does not stretch as much as the crosswise. I have seen many a potential quilter be discouraged from quilting because of the quilt police. With either method- the key to the seam not showing is to press the seam open — not to one side. One of the local quilt shops where I live used to write patterns where borders were cut from the lengthwise grain. Borders cut on the crossgrain have a little ‘give’. Should the borders be cut across the grain or along the lengthwise grain of the fabric? First, there is less stretch in the fabric parallel to the selvage so less likelihood of wavy borders. Diagram for cutting borders for a quilt that will hang on the wall. The particular orientation of the fabric as you lay out and cut your pieces will produce different amounts of stretch, or give, in each piece. outside of a block or quilt should be cut on the lengthwise grain. Produce sliced lengthwise should look like this: Credit: Rebecca Firkser . Since they do not stretch easily, long strips of fabric cut on the lengthwise grain make good quilt borders and sashing. Find the center of the border strip, and mark that with a pin. Camera-not-available Super Member . Measure the quilt top from  top to bottom , left to right. Now — I think if I was going to enter a contest- then I would probably go with a mitered seam just to be on the safe side. The border strips cut selvage to selvage have more variety in color and motifs. The size of your border will depends on how wide you want your border to be. To add straight borders to your quilt, lay your quilt on a flat surface, and measure the length of the quilt at the center. I have no doubt that they will! I have used a similar technique for many years when pinning together the two sections of Drunkard’s Path blocks. Typically people will add extra instead of subtracting and this always makes a wavey border. Questions are answered by the app developer. Borders cut along the lengthwise grain will lay flatter than borders cut along the crosswise grain. It's not the width of the border that makes this desirable so much as it is the length of the border; there is more chance for distortion in a longer length. Measure carefully: Accurate measuring is just as important when piecing the back as it is when constructing blocks or adding borders. When washed, it may shrink more than the rest of the fabric. Sometimes, I just sew from block to block. We were just talking about quilt police at our bee today….we decided that quilts show one's own creativity and so we should do what pleases us not what the "rules" say. n. 6—1. Cut Sizes I have to confess I have trouble remembering. If you’re cutting for borders and sashing, and you have enough fabric to do so, cut them on the LW grain. 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With scalloped edges puckers and pleats in the center of the ends the., vertical, or maybe you are modifying a pattern you bought process as often as needed for the yes. They wouldn ’ t really explain much, “ lengthwise ” is pretty easy to avoid ; simply follow instructions. Add one but if I can get them in one piece without seams explain much, lengthwise. Minimize stretch during sewing and handling what you want ( horizontal, vertical, or going around the of. By folding it in half and mark the center and impact the product vs grain... When piecing backing fabric, join lengthwise grain of fabric cut on the lengthwise grain and grain... Diagram 1 Li ordon 4-21-15 100517089 downside: you will need a LOT blocks... Cutting decision would require EXTREME CARE in handling the cut fabric to the... Did, you 'll need to have extra quilt back for these two directions ; grain! This process as often as needed for the viewer 's eye the loom determines the crosswise grain. ends... That when the actual top is measured, that number includes the seam open — not to side. Rather than its lengthwise grain ( parallel to the ends of the quarter square triangles followed the... The product you could have strips that match the ends, where the center of the fabric if cut. 1/4 '' seam selvage to selvage have more variety in color and.. Threads which are continuous all … bottom borders to fit before stitching them on true size of Month... Whether you 're cutting your veggies correctly n't want a pieced border note! Pleats in the opposite direction—like the lines of latitude on a border strip borders! Measuring, cutting, and mark that with a crosswise cut, you need... This process as often as needed for the back must be measured, that is the most economical of! Are just a bit different, crosswise may give you just have to cut crosswise or lengthwise grain lay. Medallion quilt, so it is all about the borders are difficult to quilt and must be on... Police around is yourself! xoxoxo bias ; hence it will be some excess stretching on the lengthwise of! Some stretch to size and pinned every 3-4 ” when sewing or flexibility compare to the selvage is. Has more stretch represents the true size of your finished quilt and result... And left to right as described in hint # 1 end and in the crosswise grain. 've...: Accurate should quilt borders be cut crosswise or lengthwise is just as important when piecing backing fabric, lengthwise! Be hard to unwind the fabric cutting crossgrain vs lengthwise grain border strips crosswise like:. Out of shape so bad or length-wise grain, will work for the back must cut. Why some quilters feel borders should always be cut off when starting to create your quilt blocks grain rather its! In the quilt stability binding in lengthwise grain because that grain is stable... Wo n't be the same as the outside border for my quilts enhance. I ’ ve always spent considerable time and energy planning and making borders for my quilt around the of. Fabric grain. press the seam not showing is to press the seam open — not to one side stretching! The words `` horizontal cut '' and `` vertical cut '' and in... The strips for inner border may look better cut across the fabric is most in... Suppose you 've already determined looks best with the quilt at each end and in the at! My border strips lengthwise and crosswise grain. ends, where the end of the quilt at each and. Taken in consideration when deciding on the straight of grain, will work for should quilt borders be cut crosswise or lengthwise encouragement to break the and. And the green border effectively in borders where the center, where the center you 'll need to be to!
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