Fixed the metre ruler by another G-clamp so that measurement of the extension can be more accurate. I predict that the more weight put on the greater the depression of the ruler. Modulus of Elasticity for some common metals at various temperatures according ASME B31.1-1995: 1 psi (lb/in 2) = 1 psi (lb/in 2) = 144 psf (lb f /ft 2) = 6,894.8 Pa (N/m 2) = 6.895x10-3 N/mm 2; T(o C) = 5/9[T(o F) - 32] For full table with Higher Temperatures - rotate the screen! On the basis of the experimental results, the accuracy of measuring the Young’s modulus of copper foils was discussed. Copper is tough and ductile, but is valuable due its ability to conduct electricity. The Young's modulus in the macroscopic mechanics was determined when the material is on elastic stage. Viva voce. = 29.197 (max) X (0.239-0.0355) Spring 2 K= F =(8-2) =28.708 (min) X (0.241-0.032) Spring 3 K=F =(8-2) =28.986 X (0.240-0.033) Average Mean average spring constant = 29.197 + 28.708 + 28.986 = 28.964 3 Error Spring 1 has the maximum spring constant, spring 2 has the minimum spring constant. The Young modulus is often regarded as the quintessential material property, and students can learn to measure it. Elastic Region for 20 Gauge Copper Wire. 3. modulus for the copper. 3.
Theory. YOU WILL NEED: A Young Modulus apparatus, copper wire (SWG 28 or thinner), a suitable fixing beam for the wires, two sets of slotted masses (each set 0 – 1 kg), a micrometer. The reference wire and test wire are hung from the ceiling. 5. Since F=mg and A= cross-sectional area of the wire = ? Steel is preferred over copper … The wire is stretched by Δl = 2.25 mm = 0.00225 m. Force = 136 N. We know that Youngs Modulus = Stress / strain. Aim: To study the stress/strain behavior of copper wire and estimate the Young’s modulus of copper. Experimental Procedure 2.1 Materials The aim of this experiment is to determine the Young modulus for a copper wire. A copper wire is having length 2 m and area of cross -section 2 m m 2. 0: 0. Historical/Social/Environmental/Economic Factors Fishing has always been a significant practice for countless years. Don't have an account yet? 5 that Young's modulus of different orientations nanorods and different section sizes nanorods before yielding under tensile loadings. Describe a good technique for measuring the diameter. While this variation is quite a lot less than that for strength and conductivity, it should not be ignored. Modulus of Elasticity, Average Properties of Structural Materials, Shear Modulus, Poisson's Ratio, Density Thermal Properties of Metals, Conductivity, Thermal Expansion, Specific Heat The following chart gives ultimate strength, yield point and modulus of elasticity data for steel and iron. 0: 4. Also known as cupro-nickels, they have compositions from 10% nickel to 45% nickel. Young's modulus $${\displaystyle E}$$, the Young modulus or the modulus of elasticity in tension, is a mechanical property that measures the tensile stiffness of a solid material. Repeat the experiment several time and take average of the extension values so that more accurate result can be obtained. Pulley on clamp × 1 High Modulus of Elasticity: Springs: Mechanical Properties: Moderate Strength: Tubing for Instruments and Machines: Corrosion Resistance: ... WROUGHT AND CAST COPPER ALLOYS: SAE: J463: WROUGHT COPPER AND COPPER ALLOYS: Brazing Filler Metal: FEDERAL: QQ-B-650: BRAZING ALLOY, COPPER, COPPER-ZINC, AND COPPER-PHOSPHORUS: Cartridge Brass Cups: ASTM: 0: 1. The elastic modulus of steel is additionally called young's modulus usually.
The load should not be too high off the floor, and there should be a suitable soft landing platform, such as runner tile right below the load. ⇒ Young modulus is measured in Pa (or Nm-2) ⇒ This graph shows a stress-strain graph for copper. or
Tough GCSE topics broken down and explained by out team of expert teachers, Learn the art of brilliant essay writing with help from our teachers, Get your head around tough topics at A-level with our teacher written guides, Start writing remarkable essays with guidance from our expert teacher team, Understand the tough topics in IB with our teacher written Study Guides, Learn the art of brilliant essay writing from our experienced teachers, Struggling with an assignment? Stage 2 : Plastic deformation In this stage, the stress is not directly proportional to the strain and and a small amount of stress can produce a large strain. Young's modulus describes tensile elasticity along a line when opposing forces are applied. Mechanics of Materials 23(1996), p.314: density: 8960 kg/m^3: 25 degrees C: Handbook of the elements, S. Ruben, 2 nd printing (1987), Open Court Publishing In order to measure extremely small extension with high precision, “optical lever” (a mirror mounted on a small pivot) can be used instead of just using a simple meter stick. It is the ratio of tensile stress to tensile strain. It quantifies the relationship between tensile stress $${\displaystyle \sigma }$$ (force per unit area) and axial strain $${\displaystyle \varepsilon }$$ (proportional deformation) in the linear elastic region of a material and is determined using the formula: Primitive uses were mainly for hunting fish; making it a means of survival. Young’s modulus of copper, E = (125 � 22) GPa Conclusion: – The stress applied to a copper wire (s.w.g. Learn the basics with our essay writing guide, To study the stress/strain behavior of copper wire and estimate the Young’s modulus of copper, When a force F is applied to the end of a wire with cross-sectional area A along its length, the tensile stress =, If the extension of the wire is Δl, and its original length is lo, the tensile strain =. Already have an account? 0: 2. It is a measure of volumetric elasticity, calculated as volumetric stress divided by volumetric strain. It has become a competitive sport between anglers, where everyone seeks to use the best equipment with the best materials. Young's modulus of copper wire . The elastic modulus of the steel is the coefficient of proportionality between the tensile stress and the strain when the steel material is pulled. Log in now! E is a constant when Δl is small according to the Hooke’s Law which stated that the stress applied to any solid is proportional to the strain it produces for small strain. CRC Materials Science and Engineering Handbook, p.260, CRC Materials Science and Engineering Handbook, p.270-274, Handbook of the elements, S. Ruben, 2 nd printing (1987), Open Court Publishing. Modulus of elasticity is an important design factor for metals for calculations of elastic deflections. The wire suggested will have a … Don't use plagiarized sources. This can be expanded to test other wires or materials and helps students with their measurement techniques. Investigating the factors affecting tensile strength of human hair. When compared to the accepted value this represents a percent difference of 94.5%. Rate this resource. Compute the value of the Young’s modulus of this wire. E = Young's Modulus of Elasticity (Pa, N/m 2, lb/in 2, psi) named after the 18th-century English physician and physicist Thomas Young; Elasticity The new version of Hooke’s law is . The helices are unwound and the hair is styled. Calculating the Young Modulus of Constanton, D2 Measurong Young's modulus of copper(TAS). Tensile Modulus - Young's Modulus or Modulus of Elasticity - is a measure of stiffness of an elastic material. For 20 gauge copper wire the following experimental results produced a Young's Modulus constant of 6063 MPa, or 6.063 GPa. Procedure. Σ: sigma where E is expressed in N m-2 or Pascal (Pa). Vias,used in a cell composed of a square copper via in a thin polyimide film mounted on top of a silicon substrate,properties are taken same as bulk properties. It looks like the force-extension graph shown earlier, but this graph will be valid for ANY sample of copper ⇒ O-P on the graph represents the range of tensile stree for which the copper obeys Hooke's law E = stress / strain = σ / ε = (F / A) / (dL / L) (3) where. Young’s modulus, numerical constant, named for the 18th-century English physician and physicist Thomas Young, that describes the elastic properties of a solid undergoing tension or compression in only one direction, as in the case of a metal rod that after being stretched or compressed lengthwise returns to its original length. Learn more. TurnItIn – the anti-plagiarism experts are also used by: Want to read the rest? 32) is directly proportional to the strain it … Wooden block × 2. Therefore, when a material has a larger the value of E, Average diameter of the wire = (0.240±0.005) mm, where F is the tension in the wire and A is the cross-section area. From the graph, the slope of the best fit line through the points of the straight line portion of the graph, --------------------------------------------------END-----------------------------------------------. This article outlines the major alloy types and typical applications such as condensors, automotive, marine, etc. Explain why a long wire is most suitable for this experiment. Strain = Change in Length / Original Length. Stress = Force / Area = F / A. You must have JavaScript enabled in your browser to utilize the functionality of this website. GCSE resources with teacher and student feedback, AS and A Level resources with teacher and student feedback, International Baccalaureate resources with teacher and student feedback, University resources with teacher and student feedback. © 2003 - 2015 Marked by Teachers. All Rights Reserved. A gentle oxidising agent (usually hydrogen peroxide). Created by teachers, our study guides highlight the really important stuff you need to know. This is an widely used investigation where you determine the Young's modulus of a piece of copper wire. 1 m m will be (Young's modulus o elasticity for copper … Due to the large range of alloys, they display a range of different properties and applications. Explain why a value withtwo significant figures is … Young's Modulus: 128 GPa: Vias,used in a cell composed of a square copper via in a thin polyimide film mounted on top of a silicon substrate,properties are taken same as bulk properties. It is shown in Fig.
The elastic modulus of copper alloys ranges from 16 to 20 million pounds per square inch (about 110 to 138 kMpa). Apparatus: Copper wire s.w.g.32 about 4 m. G-clamp × 1. Young’s modulus is defined as the ratio of stress (force per unit area) along an axis to strain (ratio of deformation over initial length) along that axis. This number is at the upper end of the range, meaning that copper is a very ductile material and can tolerate being pulled into very thin wire without breaking. The bulk modulus (K) is like Young's modulus, except in three dimensions. However, nowadays fishing has become somewhat of a sport,hobby, or to some, a profession. The Young's Modulus of copper wire is 120 * 109 Pa. It is used to describe the elastic properties of objects like wires, rods or columns when they are stretched or compressed. etc.,please visit the links section of 0: 3. Sign up to view the whole essay and download the PDF for anytime access on your computer, tablet or smartphone. Resources. Wear safety goggle during the experiment so as to protect our eyes when the wire breaks eventually. Then amount of work done (in joule ) in increasing its length by 0. Video. Under elastic conditions, a modulus of elasticity of a wire, called the Young modulus E, is defined as the ratio of the tensile stress applied to a body to the tensile strain produced. Theory. is applied to the end of a wire with cross-sectional area, Under elastic conditions, a modulus of elasticity of a wire, called the Young modulus. Young's Modulus. While it is … Young's Modulus - Tensile Modulus, Modulus of Elasticity - E. Young's modulus can be expressed as. and they change the chemistry of hair by altering the protein rich internal structure of the fibre. Measuring Young’s modulus of copper. Young's modulus can be used to predict the elongation or compression of an object. The wire only extended by 1mm when 1700g were added to it so I abandoned the experiment and changed my method slightly to get more extension for mass. In industrial constructions steel is preferred over copper. Stress Simple Engineering Stress is similar to Pressure, in that in this instance it is calculated as force per unit area. Get Your Custom Essay on Young Modulus For Copper Just from $13,9/Page. If there is slight deformation in steel due to contraction and expansion it will come back to its original position. Therefore, when a material has a larger the value of. Animation. off individually and a pin with plasticine to attach to the end of the over hanging ruler. Also, the more rulers over hang, even more depression of the ruler will occur. Figure 1. Σ＝exε. Length of the wire is 3.08m. 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