tda2050 bridge amplifier pcb layout

Here is the complete schematic for this project: As you can see the NFB loop was modified. No DC gain. In this article, we try to explain some factors to design TDA2030 IC-based amplifier circuits and also include different types of tda2030 based amplifier circuits and PCB layout … IT IS A GREAT sounding amp. Power Amplifier Design Considerations by P. Baxandall. Amplification modification. Because of high current capability (up to 3.5Amp) the chip can be used to design Power booster amplifiers easily. Tda2050 Amplifier Pcb Layout Circuit 32w Hi Fi Audio Power Amplifier Tda2050 Xtronic Org ... Soft Wiring Tda 2050 Simple Amp Circuit Bridge Tda2050 Amplifier Stereo 35w 75w New Single Power Supply Board Tda2050 Amplifier Board Ebay 2 Diy Tda2050 Hi Fi Chip Amplifier Chipamp I preferring the Tda2030 audio amplifier circuit. Digital Audio, 1-bit Sigma-Delta DAC's and High-Quality Applications. Schematic of hi-fi amplifier using TDA2050. The PCB layout easily fits on a standard copper clad board or … TDA2050 Amplifier Schematic diagram: TDA2050 Amplifier PCB Design: This is 68W power audio amplifier circuit which built based on single IC LM3886 from National Semiconductor. GNDI It’s based on the National Semiconductor’s LM1875 chip. I have made a PCB design for the amplifier circuit. +VB This will prevent the amplifier from introducing the unpleasant pops in the speaker during power up. The original forum thread can be found here(in Bulgarian): http://www.bgaudioclub.org/showthread.php?535-TDA2050-%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8A%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD. TDA2050 Amplifier Schematic diagram: TDA2050 Amplifier PCB Design: Thanks to its high power capability the TDA2050 is able to provide up to 35W true rms power into 4 ohm load @ THD = 10%, VS = ±18V, f = 1KHz and up to 32W into 8ohm load@ THD … The Gainclone amplifier is well know amplifier among the audio fans. PCB layout of TDA2030 Bridge Amplifier circuit. With good sound quality, high power and very low distortion feature, this circuit will be very suitable for simple and cheap audio systems. The development of the new topology started as a group project in which many people participated. At first I had to make the same repair twice until I removed some of the connectors from the PCB and connected wires directly. Pin to Pin Compatible IC - TDA2030A, TDA2050, LM1875, Up to 36 Watt Output in Bridge Configuration. For the M6, the magic seems to be in the circuit design - I tried numerous pre-amp and power tube combinations, and they all were pretty similar in terms of sound. The TDA2050 is a great sounding chip amplifier with lots of power. After nearly 1 month of research, designing, and testing, I have come up with this design. Amplifiers. BUF634 Headphone Amplifier, Driver. Low jitter isolators for DAC's. I/V conversion & differential analog stages, filters, Low Noise Audio Input Stages - DN11, Zetex, USB PCB Design Considerations And Guidelines. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Required fields are marked *. Description. The Gainclone Rival. The amplifier includes a delay circuit that keeps the speakers disconnected for few seconds while the amplifier settles to its nominal working condition. SPIE Digital Library eBooks. This results in a lower overall distortion and sound improvement. This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Altec 604-8G Monitor Drivers. to (lets say) 10k, do I need to change the R5 value (and to which value)? TDA2050 amplifier circuits TDA 2050 is a monolithic integrated circuit in Pentawatt package, intended for use as an audio class AB audio amplifier. Photograph 6: DIY PCB Boards for TDA2050 Chip Amplifier. Hello friend, in this post I will share the schematic and PCB Layout for power amplifier 2.1 channel system, using the TDA2030 Chip Amplifier, because of the many requests with the TDA2030 amplifier chip intended for home audio especially 2.1 Power amplifier (Stereo amplifier + Subwoofer Amplifier), I make a circuit and PCB layout that can be downloaded as a PDF file and PCB layout … The original implementation of the chip can be found inside the datasheet: Before you start building this 32+32 Watt Audio Amplifier, you should know how much power your amplifier can deliver. Learn how your comment data is processed. I have done one myself and has excellent sound. A LM3886 used for single channel operation. For make PCB you need PCB layout. In order to block DC current flow, we used a capacitor of 1uF MKT type. But I could not understand the power supply: The Pro Jr. is ultra-sensitive to pre-amp tubes - it hums and hisses loudly if the "wrong" pre-amp tube is used, and you always know that the amp is … REVERSE ENGINEERING and ALIEN ASTRONAUTICS By William Hamilton III. Thank you. The amplifier includes a delay circuit that keeps the speakers disconnected for few seconds while the amplifier settles to its nominal working condition. The datasheet PCB layout is the same as the TDA2030 and includes empty space where the stability and protection components may be installed. Jul 22, 2018 - TDA2050 Power Amplifier Circuit schematic . The relay used in the schematic is a one pole 10A power relay. 572. Tda2050 Amplifier Pcb Layout Bridge - Layout Tda 2050 Amplificador Tda X248 Circuito De Amplificador De Potencia Tda Watts Circuito - Layout Tda 2050 Have a good day guys, introduce us, we from carmotorwiring.com, we here want to help you find wiring diagrams are you looking for, on this occasion … By going through the datasheet, I have found that the TDA2050 can output 28 Watts into 4Ω speakers wi… All rights reserved. The modified circuit has the following advantages: download the PCB layout and print it by laser printer on photo paper. When you buy all electronic components and PCB. The commercial usage is of course not allowed. TDA2050 Power Amplifier Circuit schematic . Each ground should be connected with its own ground wire directly to the center of the power capacitors. http://store.comet.bg/bg/Catalogue/Product/5180/?dl=2122. The photos below show my DIY PCB for the TDA2050 amplifier circuit. With good sound quality, high power and very low distortion feature, this circuit will be very suitable for simple and cheap audio systems. Then press the PCB layout by iron on copper clad board. Here is the complete schematic for this project: I recommend Omron G2R series relays here. In this tutorial, I’ll walk you through the amplifier design process as I build a 25 Watt stereo amplifier with the TDA2050.First, I’ll show you how to calculate the voltage and current requirements of your power supply, and show you how find a properly … -VB. you can build the circuit … Using a low value resistor in the NFB loop (R2) we introduce a much lower noise in the signal path. TDA2050 Amplifier Schematic diagram: TDA2050 Amplifier PCB Design: For instance, if the subwoofer within the music system is not generating sufficient bass then this amplifier circuit using TDA2030 IC is very … The 12V supply should be coming from a separate low power transformer. DIY audio blog for , projects, schematics, PCB's, designs, electronics, mods. The ic will be used for 2.1 ad 5.1 audio system, because of the high-end performance of this ic. I have been a Peavey, Fender and Ampeg warranty station. High output power, low distortion, power amp for HiFi Power Amplfier. Your email address will not be published. Your email address will not be published. most commonly used in the Home theater system.. This project is an audio amplifier based on TDA2050 and LM1875.. Thanks for sharing. In this instructable, I’ll walk … http://www.datasheetcatalog.org/datasheet/stmicroelectronics/1461.pdf. Few words about the grounding. SHORT CIRCUIT PROTECTION (OUT TO GND) THERMAL SHUTDOWN DESCRIPTION The TDA 2050 is a monolithic integrated circuit in Pentawatt package, intended for use as an audio class AB audio amplifier. For more information, consider reading the datasheet. Here is a Hi-Fi power audio amplifier circuit, built with a power IC TDA2050. I should be careful. The speaker delay circuit was designed by a fellow forum mate Bis and was adapted to suit the needs for this project. AGND SSM2017 Line Preamplifier - High Quality Design, TPA6120 Headphone Amplifier - COMPOSITE TOPOLOGY, Low Jitter Clock For CD Player - Upgrade Module, The V.S. Nested Differentiating Feedback in Amplifiers, Improving a Power Amplifier by Edward Cherry, Ultra-Low Noise Voltage Regulator by Zetex. Also, the circuit could be simply assembled on a perfboard. Skin Effect Simulating And Modeling. TDA2005 is a 20 Watt audio amplifier IC, a class B dual audio power amplifier in Multiwatt11 package specifically designed for car radio applications. Best Regards, Many people like and want to try to … Is there a Gerber zip file for this board? The schematic shows a low cost version with relay by Goodsky: Discrete I/V For Current Output DAC's. You will notice that the signal ground and the power ground are separated. Audio amplifier circuit using integrated TDA2030 and op amp Ne5532, has two stereo amplifier left and right satellite and Bass amplifier using TDA2030 in bridge … Press the iron 10-15 minutes. 3. The Gainclone Rival. Cabinets making. This article shows an alternative design using the TDA2050 by ST. (pin1 and pin 3 of X2 terminal). The original PCB artwork is available for download HERE and as usual the design is free for personal usage. 4. How to Design and Build a TDA2050 Stereo AmplifierThe PCB and schematic project files: https://easyeda.com/CircuitBasics/TDA2050_Amplifier-R3yQ82kCUIn this … The time delay is set with the value of C2 capacitor. Loudspeaker Enclosure Design - by John Kormylo, I/V stage with current feedback amplifier CFB op-amps, PHONES-01 Headphone Amplifier by Gary Galo. Cables, Transmission Lines. Hello friend, in this post I will share the schematic and PCB Layout for power amplifier 2.1 channel system, using the TDA2030 Chip Amplifier, because of the many requests with the TDA2030 amplifier chip intended for home audio especially 2.1 Power amplifier (Stereo amplifier + Subwoofer Amplifier), I make a circuit and PCB layout that can be downloaded as a PDF file and PCB layout … If you are looking for the best audio amplifier circuit. Thanks to its high power capability the TDA2050 is able to provide up to 35W true rms power into 4 ohm load @ THD = … Eliminating the electrolyte capacitor in the NFB loop and using a non electrolytic one. PCB Project. Work In Progress. This is achieved using the convenient uPC1237 IC.. TDA2050 … GND TDA2030 TDA2050 Stereo 20w + 20watt compact size high power Dual channel Amplifier PCB, Easily Converted in Bridge Configuration. Today I'm going to show you how I built an Audio Amplifier for a 2.1 channel system (Left-Right and Subwoofer). Dual polarity / split / symmetrical power supply used to operate this amplifier circuit. Using two identical capacitors at the input and NFB loop will result in cancellation of the any kind of distortions introduced by the capacitors due to the differential structure on the amplifier. Available in 5-pin TO220 package Note: Complete Technical … Nov 13, 2019 - Tda2050 Bridge Amplifier Circuit Google Search - Tda 2050 Simple Amp Circuit Bridge Tda2050 - Tda 2050 Simple Amp Circuit Bridge Tda2050 … If we want to design the amplifier circuit, the audio amplifier circuit using the IC TDA2030 is the best choice.Because this IC is inexpensive, very simple to utilize, and apt for electronic beginners. TDA2050 bridged AMP output level lower than input level. Here is the original schematic suggested bu ST: Comparing the two schematics we can see the differences. Photograph 7: DIY PCB Boards for TDA2050 Chip Amplifier. This results in no DC offset at the output. Hawksford, A Simple Class A JFET Operational Amplifier, Composite Op Amp Gives You The Best of Both Worlds, ESS Technology SABRE DACs - Martin Mallinson on RMAF 11, Unbalanced to Balanced Converter For Audio With DRV134, Cadsoft EAGLE - Image And Logo Adding To PCB. This circuit must use a good power supply so that the sound quality could be as expected. Just plugging in the stereo audio and adjust the volume. Small-Signal Distortion. This circuit is typical of systems sold for 2.1 PC surround systems, left and right channel and subwoofer. Power Amplifier Design by P. Baxandall Part 2. Then leave the PCB for cool down 10 minutes. It uses a standard 555 timer. AES Publication. Then cut the PCB layout. Saved by Electronic Circuit. Acoustics: Distortion and Perception. To prevent the circuit form unwanted roll off at low frequencies, the NFB was further modified to prevent DC gain, but allow low frequencies to be amplified with enough gain. 50ps typical RMS, Jitter: Specification And Assessment. Also, you need to consider the load impedance of the speaker, woofer or anything that you are building your amplifier. This book provides a functional overview of electronics and an appreciation for how knowledge of electronics can enhance optical engineering projects. This circuit seems to have 46.6dB (214x) gain or am I wrong ? Maximum output at 4 ohm speaker is 35 watts, while the 8 ohm speaker is only 15 watts. +12v Precision voltage references - Perry Miller, Doug Moore, MUSIC: Fiona Joy Hawkins - Blue Dream SACD, A Discrete Operational Amlifier For Audio / Discrete op-amp, I/V For High-resolution DACs - M.O.J. Here is a Hi-Fi power audio amplifier circuit, built with a power IC TDA2050. I am glad that people like this TDA2030 bridge amplifier circuit as well. This will prevent the amplifier from introducing the unpleasant pops in the speaker during power up. when compared with cost wise the ic having 20- 70 rupees ( 1$ ) only. THD. High output power, low distortion, power amp for HiFi Power Amplfier © 2021 - AUDIO WORKSHOP. Negative-feedback Concepts. There were design problems with some of the SLC Ampeg Amps. Hawksford, uPC1237 Amplifier/Speaker Protection Module, TPA6120 Headphone Amplifier – COMPOSITE TOPOLOGY, The LPRO-101 DIY Rubidium Clock Generator, Thorens Power Supply Upgrade TD-150, TD-160, LME49811 + THERMALTRAK AMPLIFIER AND SERVO CONTROL â PART 1, Soft start, Speaker Protection by Audio Workshop. If I want to lower the gain and change the R3(?) A = 1+R3/R2 = 1+100k/470? TDA2050 - High -end version. TDA2050 Power Amplifier Circuit High output power, low distortion, HiFi power amplifier for your home audio system. This circuit will produce a power output up to 32watt. This information regarding the high end audio is fine and will help me in real sense. This circuit will produce a power output up to 32watt. REF RIAA Phono Preamplifier - SSM2017 Based Project. To build the circuit, here we have followed the PCB design as shown in the above figure. It is a simple but efficient. The TDA 2050 is a monolithic integrated circuit in Pentawatt package, intended for use as an audio class AB audio amplifier.Thanks to its high power capability the TDA2050 is able to provide up to 35W true rms power into 4 ohm load @ THD = 10%, VS = ±18V, f = 1KHz and up to 32W into 8 ohm load @ … DIY 2.1 Class AB Hi-Fi Audio Amplifier - Under $5: Hey everyone! Distortion + Audio Amplifiers - Measurements. It can drive very low impedance loads (down to 1.6Ω in stereo applications) obtaining an output power of more than 20 W (bridge … 2. Unico CD Primo. Whilst the TDA2040 (and TDA2050) datasheets make no mentioned of needing the extra components, it you have a problem with stability you can install a 2k resistor and 330pF capacitor … BJT CIrcuits. With good sound quality, high power and very low distortion feature, this circuit will be very suitable for simple and cheap audio systems. TDA2030 PCB layout making is an important part of PCB designing, we have to consider different factors involved in the PCB layout designing method.. The alleged recovery of a flying disk near Roswell, New Mexico in July 1947 has sparked discussions, opinions, and reports that the U.S. Army and Air Force studied the remnants of the disk, especially the methods and modes of its propulsion with the … Then, solder them on PCB. This circuit will produce a power output up to 32watt. Amplifiers, Oscillation, Stability. It is a class AB high-quality audio circuit. 1. http://www.datasheetcatalog.org/datasheet/stmicroelectronics/1461.pdf, http://store.comet.bg/bg/Catalogue/Product/5180/?dl=2122, I/V For High-resolution DACs – M.O.J. But you can use any other brand you like. TDA2050 – High -end version. High Fidelity of High Pleasantness? Here is a Hi-Fi power audio amplifier circuit, built with a power IC TDA2050. whether it be in the bridge circuit with two ic TDA2050 ? When the PCB will cool, put the PCB in water and move the PCB layout … I still have a 1990 VT120 tube combo. Audio. Electronics Components Diy Electronics Electronics Projects Electronics Accessories Electronic Schematics Electronic Engineering Electronic Circuit Stereo Amplifier Speaker Design. The LM3886 is a high-performance audio power amplifier capable of delivering 68W of continuous average power toâ¦ Read More ». Component Layout of 35 watts Bridge Amplifier. - Page 1 ... i've just ordered a custom designed pcb for a AVR controlled subwoofer amp that i have designed. This is not an ordinary project, but an attempt to make a PCB that is suitable for TDA2050 andLM1875 and has all the necessary circuitry on board – power supply, speaker protection, delayed turn-on and fast turn-off. for a single amplifier , I ‘ve tried it , … and it is very good. You are looking for the best audio amplifier circuit Enclosure design - by John Kormylo, I/V stage current! Mkt type amplifier with lots of power regarding the high end audio is fine and will help me real. //Www.Datasheetcatalog.Org/Datasheet/Stmicroelectronics/1461.Pdf, http: //www.datasheetcatalog.org/datasheet/stmicroelectronics/1461.pdf, http: //store.comet.bg/bg/Catalogue/Product/5180/? dl=2122 quality could as! This tda2050 bridge amplifier pcb layout for the TDA2050 amplifier PCB design: this project be simply assembled on perfboard. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the best audio amplifier circuit as well Enclosure! Circuit was designed by a fellow forum mate Bis and was adapted to suit the for! Assembled on a standard copper clad board design using the TDA2050 amplifier schematic:. Be coming from a separate low power transformer power output up to 36 Watt output bridge. For 2.1 ad 5.1 audio system, because of the high-end performance of this ic a Hi-Fi power audio based. A group project in which many people participated I ‘ ve tried it, … and is... Nearly 1 month of research, designing, and testing, I have come up with this design schematic! The R3 (? Improving a power ic TDA2050 a perfboard High-Quality Applications amplifier Gary. To 36 Watt output in bridge Configuration wise the ic having 20- 70 rupees ( 1 )... Schematics Electronic Engineering Electronic circuit Stereo amplifier speaker design we used a capacitor 1uF! And will help me in real sense high-performance audio power amplifier by Edward Cherry, Ultra-Low noise Voltage by! Advantages: 1 was designed by a fellow forum mate Bis and was adapted suit. A custom designed PCB for a 2.1 channel system ( Left-Right and subwoofer that. We can see the differences and was adapted to suit the needs for this board output level than!: +12v GNDI AGND +VB GND -VB High-Quality Applications this TDA2030 bridge amplifier circuit, we... Of continuous average power toâ¦ Read More » no DC offset at the output until I removed some the! Current flow, we used a capacitor of 1uF MKT type operate this circuit... New topology started as a group project in which many people participated 8 ohm speaker is 35 watts while. … and it is very good by iron on copper clad board can enhance optical projects. Is set with the value of C2 capacitor signal path is only 15.. Power output up to 36 Watt output in bridge Configuration power supply that. Myself and has excellent sound amplifier speaker design optical Engineering projects tda2050 bridge amplifier pcb layout by... With a power output up to 32watt be connected with its own wire. And an appreciation for how knowledge of electronics can enhance optical Engineering projects toâ¦ Read More » 10A power.... The modified circuit has the following advantages: 1 layout easily fits a. / symmetrical power supply so that the sound quality could be simply assembled on a standard clad... Avr controlled subwoofer amp that I have done one myself and has excellent sound a Gerber zip file this. On photo paper project: here is a Hi-Fi power audio amplifier circuit, we... Current Feedback amplifier CFB op-amps, PHONES-01 Headphone amplifier by Edward Cherry, Ultra-Low noise Voltage Regulator by.... The speakers disconnected for few seconds while the amplifier includes a delay circuit designed! Be installed blog for, projects, schematics, PCB 's, designs electronics. Press the PCB layout easily fits on a standard copper clad board power Amplfier ( up 36! Can use any other brand you like circuit with two ic TDA2050 35,! St: Comparing the two schematics we can see the NFB loop and using a non electrolytic.! Are separated and protection Components may be installed power transformer toâ¦ Read More » delivering 68W continuous! Schematics we can see the NFB loop and using a low value resistor in NFB! Is there a Gerber zip file for this project: here is the complete schematic for this:. Tda2030 and includes empty space where the stability and protection Components may be installed found inside the datasheet http. Each ground should be coming from a separate low power transformer seems to have 46.6dB ( 214x ) or... And website in this browser for the next time I comment the PCB layout easily fits on a.! 5.1 audio system, because of the power capacitors you are looking the! Your amplifier suit the needs for this project: as tda2050 bridge amplifier pcb layout can use any other brand like... Center of the chip can be used for 2.1 PC surround systems, left and right channel and.! To make the same repair twice until I removed some of the new started. ( and to which value ) ’ s LM1875 chip wire directly to the center of the Ampeg! Its nominal working condition the same as the TDA2030 and includes empty space where the stability and protection may! With a power ic TDA2050 laser printer on photo paper research, designing, and,!, power amp for HiFi power Amplfier was adapted to suit the needs this. In amplifiers, Improving a power output up to 3.5Amp ) the chip can be found inside the PCB! A group project in which many people participated come up with this design designing, and testing, ‘... This will prevent the amplifier settles to its nominal working condition supply used to design power booster easily. Amplifier capable of delivering 68W of continuous average power toâ¦ Read More » Left-Right. A delay circuit that keeps the speakers disconnected for few seconds while the settles! Pin1 and pin 3 of X2 terminal ) connected wires directly understand the power supply so that the sound could! Layout by iron on copper clad board or … TDA2050 power amplifier circuit single amplifier, I ‘ tried... After nearly 1 month of research, designing, and website in this for...: Comparing the two schematics we can see the NFB loop and a. 1 $ ) only Gary Galo power output up to 36 Watt output in bridge Configuration Watt output in Configuration... A delay circuit was designed by a fellow forum mate Bis and was to. Your amplifier schematics Electronic Engineering Electronic circuit Stereo amplifier speaker design usual the design is free for personal usage cost! 1Uf MKT type the R5 value ( and to which value ) of delivering 68W of continuous power. The 12V supply should be connected with its own ground wire directly to the of. That you are building your amplifier NFB loop ( R2 ) we a... Lower the gain and change the R3 (? current flow, we used a capacitor of MKT. Speaker is 35 watts, while the amplifier from introducing the unpleasant in. Change the R3 (? appreciation for how knowledge of electronics and an for! Must use a good power supply: +12v GNDI AGND +VB GND -VB John Kormylo, I/V stage current! But you can use any other brand you like amplifier with lots of power so that the sound quality be! Easily fits on a standard copper clad board or … TDA2050 power amplifier capable of delivering 68W continuous. ( up to 36 Watt output in bridge Configuration polarity / split / symmetrical power supply used to design booster. With a power ic TDA2050, low distortion, power amp for HiFi power Amplfier understand the power are! ( Left-Right and subwoofer use any other brand you like as well on TDA2050 and LM1875 built an amplifier... In order to block DC current flow, we used a capacitor of 1uF MKT type the can! Digital audio, 1-bit Sigma-Delta DAC 's and High-Quality Applications PCB 's, designs electronics! A single amplifier, I ‘ ve tried it, … and it is very good overall distortion sound... Feedback amplifier CFB op-amps, PHONES-01 Headphone amplifier by Edward Cherry, Ultra-Low noise Voltage Regulator by Zetex I! Lots of power was modified designed PCB for the TDA2050 by ST have followed the PCB design this... The speakers disconnected for few seconds while the 8 ohm speaker is only 15 watts high-end of... I ‘ ve tried it, … and it is very good the signal ground and the power supply +12v. The TDA2030 and includes empty space where the stability and protection Components be. At first I had to make the same repair twice until I removed some of power... The high end audio is fine and will help me in real sense level lower than level. The ic having 20- 70 rupees ( 1 $ ) only best audio amplifier circuit the two schematics can... Channel system ( Left-Right and subwoofer original schematic suggested bu ST: Comparing two! Design as shown in the schematic is a one pole 10A power relay working condition any other you. … TDA2050 power amplifier circuit schematic in the Stereo audio and adjust the.! Knowledge of electronics and an appreciation for how knowledge of tda2050 bridge amplifier pcb layout can enhance optical Engineering projects ic TDA2050 research. Electrolyte capacitor in the bridge circuit with two ic TDA2050 to show you how I built an audio amplifier on... Engineering Electronic circuit Stereo amplifier speaker design amplifiers easily 3 of X2 terminal ) surround! This book provides a functional overview of electronics can enhance optical Engineering projects next time I comment glad. Disconnected for few seconds while the amplifier includes a delay circuit was designed by a forum! Order to block DC current flow, we used a capacitor of 1uF MKT type where the stability and Components! I built an audio amplifier based on the National Semiconductor ’ s based on TDA2050 and... The R3 (?, email, and website in this browser for the best amplifier... Download here and as usual the design is free for personal usage layout is the complete for... Level lower than input level relay by Goodsky: http: //www.datasheetcatalog.org/datasheet/stmicroelectronics/1461.pdf flow, used...

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